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English

No.6 "The Influence of Shugendo on Ninjutsu"

"The Influence of Shugendo on Ninjutsu" Abstract

Yuji Yamada

The contents of the military law books "Zhang Liang Ichi Scroll", "Military Code Mystic Book 1 Volume", "Yoshitsune Torano Scroll", "Military Law Spirit Rui Book", etc., which are thought to have been compiled in the Nanboku and Muromachi periods, describe personal fighting methods, and have strong elements such as esoteric Buddhism, Yin-Yang Way, and Shugendo. At this stage, the samurai and "Shinobi" were not yet clearly separated. In addition to the etiquette of going to battle, the Military Code Book is accompanied by "Shinobi" elements such as "Dark Dawn Eye Mystic Technique", "Hidden Secret Technique", "Flying Freedom Fog Whip no Daiji", and "Military Law Nine Character No Daiji". It can be said that these military manuals reflected the medieval world with a strong magical character, and because they were transmitted to temples with military power, they were strongly religious.

The Warring States Period was a turning point in the perception of Shinto and Buddha, and some rulers were inclined to the religious world. Its representative is Masamoto Hosokawa. It is said that Masamoto received the magic of the Iizuna Law and the Atago Law from Shishido Matashiro Ietoshi (司箭院興仙), a yamabushi who came from Aki Province, and was just like a yamabushi. It is said that Ietoshi prayed to the god of Atago and learned the technique, allowing him to fly freely, and entered Kurama-dera Temple to learn military techniques. In addition, Uesugi Kenshin engraved the names of "Shōgun Jizo, Mari Shiten, and Iinawa Myojin" on the seal, and he himself worshipped Bishamonten, Shōgun Jizo, Mari Shiten, etc. in the Bishamondo hall in Kasugayama Castle to practice the "secret method of enemy elimination", and the influence of Shugen was strong. In this way, during the Sengoku period, magical elements such as Shugendo were included in the military code, and daimyōs used them to pray for victory.

However, in the 17th century, with the introduction of military methods from China as an academic discipline, the "shinobi" and magical elements that had been possessed by Japan military manuals were discarded, and military methods became one of the academic disciplines of military science. On the other hand, the parts that were cut off from the state remained in the region and were passed on, and various elements were added to become "ninjutsu".

Japanese

第６回「忍術に見る修験道の影響」

「忍術に見る修験道の影響」要旨

山田雄司

南北朝・室町期に編纂されたと考えられる兵法書『張良一巻書』『兵法秘術一巻書』『義経虎之巻』『兵法霊瑞書』等の内容は、中国兵法書とは違い個人的な戦い方について記しており、密教・陰陽道・修験道などの要素が強い。この段階ではまだ武士と「しのび」とははっきりと別れていなかったのではないだろうか。兵法書には出陣の作法などとともに、「闇夜明眼ノ秘術」「隠身ノ秘術」「飛行自在霧鞭之大事」「兵法九字ノ大事」など「しのび」的要素を伴っている。このような兵法書は呪術性の強い中世的世界を反映しており、また武力を有した寺院に伝えられたため、宗教性が強かったとも言える。

戦国期は神仏に対する認識の転換期であり、為政者の中には宗教世界に傾倒していた人物もいた。その代表が管領細川政元である。政元は安芸国から上洛してきた山伏である宍戸又四郎家俊（司箭院興仙）から魔法である飯綱の法・愛宕の法の術を受け、さながら山伏のようだったという。家俊は愛宕の神に祈誓してその術に通じ、飛行が自由にできるようになったとされ、鞍馬寺に入って兵法を修めた。また、上杉謙信は印判に「勝軍地蔵・摩利支天・飯縄明神」の名を刻み、自ら春日山城内の毘沙門堂に籠もって毘沙門天・勝軍地蔵・摩利支天等を拝んで「敵退散ノ秘法」を行うなど、修験の影響が強かった。このように、戦国期には、兵法の中に修験道などの呪術的要素が包含され、大名たちはそれを用いて戦勝を祈願した。

それが17世紀になると、中国からの兵法が学問として導入されることにより、これまで日本の兵法書が有していた「しのび」や呪術的要素は切り捨てられ、兵法は兵学として学問の一つになっていった。他方、国家から切り離された部分が在地に残り伝えられ、さらにさまざまな要素を加味して「忍術」になっていったのではないだろうか。

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"Shugendo the path of power"

Christian Grübl

チャンネル登録者数 501人

4,383 回視聴 2021/02/24

Follow me for a few minutes and let yourself be carried away into the world of japanese Shugendo.

A cinematic foray into the nature of the mountains and through the seasons.

Production: Hannes Eichinger www.hanneseichinger.at

Music: Angelika Haas www.saah.at

No.6 "The Influence of Shugendo on Ninjutsu"

"The Influence of Shugendo on Ninjutsu" Abstract

Yuji Yamada

第６回「忍術に見る修験道の影響」

「忍術に見る修験道の影響」要旨

山田雄司